Chapter 7

Monday, October 4, 2010

How Does the Internet Work?

1.   what is the internet?

The Internet is a global network of computers. Every computer that is connected to the Internet is considered a part of that network. This means even your home computer. It's all a matter of degrees, you connect to your ISP's network, then your ISP connects to a larger network and so on.

At the top of the tree is the high-capacity backbones, all of these interconnect at 'Network Access Points' 'NAPs' at important regions around the world. The entire Internet is based on agreements between these backbone providers who set in place all the fibre optics lines and other technical aspects of the Internet. 

Sourch


2.   What is Internet protocol? ( IP address)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.

IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation

Sourch




3.  what is the OSI model?

Layer 1: Physical Layer

Layer 2: Data Link Layer

Layer 3: Network Layer

Layer 4: Transport Layer

Layer 5: Session Layer

Layer 6: Presentation Layer

Layer 7: Application Layer

 

 Sourch

 

4.  what is Internet Infrastructure?

First of all, let me define what I mean by ‘Internet Infrastructure’. All the hardware and services required to make this web page appear in your browser, or an RSS feed download into your reader, or VOIP calls / emails get to your desktop. All the underlying technologies that are unseen, but ‘make the Internet go’.

I see Internet Infrastructure consisting of a ‘Top 5′ areas :

• Data Centres
• Network Connectivity
• Computer Equipment
• Storage Services
• Server Applications

Data Centre

A Data Centre is basically a specialist building that has the ability to power (and cool) massive amounts of computer equipment

Network

Possibly to most important foundation block of Internet Infrastructure is the Network.

Computer Equipment

Now that the two basics of Internet Infrastructure are in place – the ability to power your equipment, and the ability to connect it to the Internet, the next thing is the computer hardware that uses this to process and store the applications and data.

Storage Services

Data Storage is a huge part of Internet Infrastructure. All those emails accessible online, all the web pages on your favourite web site, all those photos on Facebook … are all stored on a hard drive in a DC somewhere.

Server Applications

The final piece of underlying Internet Infrastructure is the server applications themselves.

Further Information

This post is only scratching the surface and (hopefully!) providing a very basic overview of what Internet Infrastructure constitutes.

Sourch



5. what is domain names?

A name that identifies one or more IP addresses. For example, the domain name microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP addresses. Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. For example, in the URL http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html, the domain name is pcwebopedia.com.

Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a limited number of such domains. For example:

gov - Government agencies

edu - Educational institutions

org - Organizations (nonprofit)

mil - Military

com - commercial business

net - Network organizations

ca - Canada

th - Thailand

Because the Internet is based on IP addresses, not domain names, every Web server requires a Domain Name System (DNS) server to translate domain names into IP addresses.

Sourch

6. what is world wide web? And its service?

World Wide Web

 

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and publicly introduced the project in December.

"The World-Wide Web (W3) was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project.

 Sourch 






7.  How many Internet user in Thailand?


How many Internet users in Thailand?

In Internet Use in Thailand, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan from Srinakharinwirot University in Bangkok, quotes a household survey carried out in March-June 2003  by two public institutions: NECTEC and NSTDA (see, Internet Information Research Centre, Thailand). The survey shows a steady increase in the number of Internet users, of approximately 30% per year: 

• 2003 = 9.56% of total population (approx. 63 M)
• 2002 = 7.38%
• 2001 = 5.64%

Internet vs. telephony
According to the ITU Asia-Pacific Telecommunications Indicators 2003, Thailand has a broad telephone subscribers base:

• fixed-lines subscribers are close to 32 M, corresponding to nearly 50% of the total population
• mobile subscribers are nearly 25 M, or 40% of the population

On the contrary, the Internet users and subscribers base is much narrower. Internet users are close to 7 M, or 11% of the population. Internet subscribers are 2.5 M , of whom 45.000, or 1.9% have a broadband connection. 

Internet adoption in South-East Asia
Drawing from Nua Internet Surveys (2003) in the region, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan positions Thailand in the middle range among South-East Asian countries.

High adoption rate
Singapore at 51.48%
Malaysia at 25.15%

Medium adoption rate
Thailand between 9.5 and 11%
Brunei at 9.97%
Philippines at 7.77%

Low and very low adoption rate
Indonesia at 1.93%
Vietnam at 0.49%
Laos at 0.17%
Cambodia at 0.08%
Myanmar = 0.02%

Further analysis of this data shows that the country's per capita income appears to be the best economic predictor of Internet adoption (e.g. Thailand GDP 2.044 $ - Indonesia 860$, source ITU report cited above).

Who are Internet users in Thailand?

They are young: more than half are 20-29 years old (53.2% in 2002) ; followed by 30-39 (above 20%) and 10-19 (below 20%).

They live in the Bangkok region (62.6%) or in other urban areas (21.8%).

They have high education: University graduate (62.3%) and High school (16.7%).

Over the years, women are becoming more numerous among Internet users than men (53.4% in 2002, 51.2% in 2001, 49.2% in 2000).

They access the Internet from multiple points: home (46.7%); office (31.6%); school (13.7%) and Internet cafes (7.5%). And most of them (83.2%) own a PC.

Note: the data above come from NECTEC annual online survey, which started in 1999. Internet users are invited to take the survey by an advertising banner embedded in various popular websites. As such it suffers from self-selection bias and should be taken as an interesting description rather than an accurate representation of the Internet users community in Thailand.

Two interesting articles to know more about Internet in Thailand are :

Bridging the Digital Divide: a case study of CATNET Nationwide Internet kiosks, by Rattanawan Rattakul. At the end of 2002, Thailand had deployed 1400 public Internet access points. A survey was carried out to know who used these Internet access points, how and for what uses.

A critical analysis of the adoption and utilization of the Internet in Thailand for educational purposes, by Noppadol Prammanee retraces the story of the development of the Internet in Thailand and gives a view on the local government Internet policies

Reference Source

 Exercise 4 : Reference Soure
1. Where can you find information aboout Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prinze this year?

Elizabeth H. Blackburn

Carol W. Greider

 

 

Jack W. Szostak

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was awarded jointly to Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase".


Source




2. Go to Encyclopedia Online at http:// library.spu.ac.th Search for the history of automobiles or computer. Summarize the information you get.

1672, that designed steam-powered vehicle by Ferdinand Verbiest , that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger.

In 1885, Benze patent. He was awarded the patent for its invention as of his application on January 29,1886.

In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine

In 1890, Émile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France.

Source 

3. what is the difference between general book and reference book?

General book is a book, such as an encyclopedia, dictionary, etc., from which information may be obtained

Reference book is Tower's Reference book section is a great place to turn for information, from dictionaries to style guides, famous quotations or planning a wedding! For whatever information you require, Tower's got great reference books from a variety of authors, to guide you through any project with the right information!

4. When do you need to search information from the reference collection?
  when i need to correct some answer or to do some science report (important)



5.what type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

Cambrige directory !!!
Its easy to use and also standart for everyone.

writing report

Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Lifestyle of teenage

                  (when they get a love)

Access to library and Info system

IBC : 101

by

Aksarapak   Bangpa

Pinya          Rattana

It’S Call LoVE ?

In life, people fall in love at many stages. It is very possible for every person no matter their age to feel or fall in love.
 However, there is a certain stage in life where we reach and everyone seems to want love. I'm talking about the teenage years and love.  
When a teenager falls in love, it is referred to as teenage love. Teens are very volatile people and this is pretty understandable. It is the first time in life to feel the urge to love the opposite sex.
This is on the onset of their physical growth. Their hormones are usually referred to as running wild and this is very much the case. Teenage is a confusing place to be because you are not old enough to be called mature and you are not too young to be called a child. This is the time where most youth act out and when it comes to the matters of the heart, a lot of them fall in love. Teenage love has sometimes been referred to as  not being real love.
 Instead, experts say that a lot of feelings that teens have for the opposite sex is mainly infatuation. This is a form of lust that passes with time.
.

Lifestyle of teenage

                       (when they get a love)

                                

It’S Call LoVE?                                                         1

Introduction                                                  2                            

Discussion                                           3

Conclusion                                                     4

Reference                                                      5

Introduction

What love is? Why should I cloud have love?

Dictionaries have different meanings for this word. But when I think about this word, my mind  conjures up images of all kinds of beautiful things that I  have always  associated with this word.

Flowers,  chocolates, candle  light dinners, hearts, soft toys, clothes and  perfumes,  (I hope I haven’t left anything out!) these are the words that  have become synonymous with love…but, what about the feelings and emotions  associated with this word!

I remember growing up with stars in my eyes and love songs ringing through my ears. Slowly my dreams grew bigger and I started waiting for my Prince Charming to come along and take me with him to a beautiful land where we would be surrounded by servants, good clothes, flowers and jewelry. One day I realized the truth about love...that it was much more than material comforts and gains.

Love is Sharing

Love is TalkingLove is Spending Time Together

Love is Faithfulness

Love is Being Friends
Love is Looking Together in the Same Direction" Love is the flower of life, and blossoms unexpectedly
and without law, and must be plucked where it is found,
and enjoyed for the brief hour of its duration."- D. H. Lawrence

Discussion

What about when the teenage have love?

In life,   people fall in   love at many stages.   It is very possible for   every person no  matter their  age to feel or fall in love.    However,  there is a certain stage in life where we reach and everyone seems to  want love.

I'm talking   about the teenage years and love.   When  a teenager falls  in love, it is referred to as teenage love. Teens are  very volatile people and this is pretty  understandable.
 It is the first time in life to feel the urge to love the opposite sex. This is on the onset of their physical growth. Their hormones are usually referred to as running wild and this is very much the case. Teenage is a confusing place to be because
 you are not old enough to be called mature and you are not too young to be called a child.

 This is the time  where most youth act out and when it comes to the  matters of the heart , a lot of them fall in love. Teenage love has sometimes been referred to as not being real love.
 Instead, experts say that a lot of feelings that teens have for the opposite sex is mainly infatuation. This is a form of lust that passes with time.


However, love being hard to define, it is vital that all cases be looked at differently.
 It is during this stage that many teens make the worse mistakes of their lives but, this is usually not the case in other situations. Sexually, teens what to experience and explore first hand,  the kind of emotions that are associated with love.  It is therefore paramount to understand exactly what they are going through before you are quick to give them advice.
The biggest issue that is always a source of debate is sex during teenage.  
Many want to know what it is all about. Others believe that for love to be real there must be sexual intercourse.

 With the modern world,   more and more teens are having choices when it comes to sex.  Many have not come up openly to condemn teenage sex. In the past,  when young people reached teenage, this was a time for them to be married off.
For this reason,  teens cannot be totally condemned for wanting to exercise that which has been there since time began.   

  However, with civilization, more and more parents have come out strongly to condemn any love consummation for their teens

The question whether this is  real love or not,  still remains as more  teens get  involved emotionally  with other people.
One thing  that  we  can  say for sure is that, if the  love during teenage is not real;  the person  involved will have to learn through experience.  Thankfully, teenage is  only  a phase of life and as you grow, you will   discover things  and become  wiser in the matter of love.   However,  when it comes to love, no one can claim to be an expert. It comes without mention and no one has control over it.
    Therefore, the best thing that teens can do is to empower themselves and know how to handle themselves when it comes to matters of the heart. Otherwise, love is meant to be enjoyed to the fullest.

For example

 “ let’s teens talk about their love”

By M Perira

  

Wild teens are those who don’t want to be caged inside social law.

They are the people who don’t want to be bound by straight set rules. They are the thrill seeker, the attention-getter , the outcasts who just want to find something

By Valerie Panting

Breaking Thought the Taboo

Sexually transmitted diseases are an unnecessary epidemic that drains our society. Mandatory classes on sexual education could change this.

Preserving this great nation’s youth is a job for the adults

Conclusion

Love is more powerful and love is beautiful for someone who arrange their love to the right way…

But love about the teens is the first time in life to feel the urge to love the opposite sex. This is on the onset of their physical growth. Their hormones are usually referred to as running wild and this is very much the case. Teenage is a confusing place to be because you are not old enough to be called mature and you are not too young to be called a child. This is the time where most youth act out and when it comes to the matters of the heart.

Instead, experts say that a lot of feelings that teens have for the opposite sex is mainly infatuation.

For us; their love is not consistent, many teens try to make or follow form trend when they have love.

For their love is contain with two things; Sex and Emotion.

And love in this age, they have two pattern for love

Both positive and negative.

Positive : they might think that if they been together, its mean they try to lean their life and want freedom, or they  want to success with their gold.

Negative : someone or some religions say that it totally wrong. Because they might think that it not the purposes to do it.

Reference

source

Knowledge Management

1. What is the management?
         
     Management is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.

     Management function :   Planning ,Organizing , Staffing, Directing ,  Coordinating   , Reporting ,  Budgeting

2. What is knowledge management?

        Knowledge Management is the collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge. In one form or another, knowledge management has been around for a very long time. Practitioners have included philosophers, priests, teachers, politicians, scribes, Liberians, etc.
         
        Knowledge management is not a, "a technology thing" or a, "computer thing" If we accept the premise that knowledge management is concerned with the entire process of discovery and creation of knowledge, dissemination of knowledge , and the utilization of knowledge then we are strongly driven to accept that knowledge management is much more than a "technology thing" and that elements of it exist in each of our jobs.

3. What is informastion system?

        Information Systems (IS) is an academic/professional discipline concerned with the strategic, managerial and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing and use of information, and its associated technologies

         Information Systems not Computer Science
Information systems, as a discipline, focuses on exploring the interface between management, information science and computer science. Computer Science focuses on information technology: software. Information Systems mediates the two opposing worlds of human activity systems and information technology.
4. What arethe component of information system?

              component of Information system consists of
       

                                                     1. IT i.e. hardware and software

                                                     2. Data/Information

                                                     3. Procedures/Policies

                                                     4. People

                                                     5. Purpose

                                                     6. Communication Networks

                                                         Edited by NumeroUno

5. Why do we need to apply the knowledge management process in our business?
          
        Business needs to apply this knowledgd managrment process because want to digest knowledge of people  to understand corresponding information and  every company need to modern technology use their company because it  convenient for find information keep the information  and our company can to connect
communication with the aboard  when to has understand after that  it was declared policy give every one know and to understand corresponding       

6. Write a mind-mapping of Knoeledge Management (KM) and Information System.

    ANS:           - continue to next page ^ ^ because this computer can't add pictures......

What is information of copyright

วันอังคารที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

What is information of copyright

1. What is information of copyright?


- Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of “original works” and includes such things as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual creations, both published and unpublished. Copyright does not protect ideas. It only protects the specific and original expression of the idea. A good example of this is that there are many films and books based on the classic boy meets girl theme in which the girl’s parents disapprove of boy and after many tears, true love finally triumphs. This theme cannot be monopolised, but original works to it can be. The same can be said of all other works.
Source






2. What is a patent?


- A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a government to an inventor or applicant for a limited amount of time (normally 20 years from the filing date). It is a legal document defining ownership of a particular area of new technology.
Patents are Granted in over 150 countries and are predicated on the theory that inventors are more likely to invent and disclose that knowledge to the public in exchange for a limited period of exclusivity. The right granted by a patent excludes all others from making, using, or selling an invention or products made by an invented process.

3.  What is fair use?
Answer: Fair use, a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work, is a doctrine in United States copyright that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders. For example, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship.

4.  Why some inventions can not be copyrights?
Answer: Because the several categories of material are generally not eligible for copyright protection, such as works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression.


Sources : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent

How search engines work ?

วันพุธที่ 3 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

How search engines work ?

Please note: search engines are not simple. They include incredibly detailed processes and methodologies, and are updated all the time. This is a bare bones look at how search engines work to retrieve your search results. All search engines go by this basic process when conducting search processes, but because there are differences in search engines, there are bound to be different results depending on which engine you use.

1. The searcher types a query into a search engine.
2. Search engine software quickly sorts through literally millions of pages in its database to find matches to this query.
3. The search engine's results are ranked in order of relevancy.

Examples of Search Engines

There are a TON of great search engines out there for you to choose from. Whatever your search need might be, you'll find a search engine to meet it.



Source

 Three type of search engines

1. Directory  search engine

Internet search engines are categorized by topic in our searchable directory of general and specialty search engines. Also listed are resources and tools for exploring the deep web, performing advanced research, and for learning about using search engine tools and technology. Example Yahoo

2.General search engine

A general search engine is a search engine that covers the overall Web, using its own spider to collect Web pages for its own index.

When to use a general search engine

• When you have a well-defined topic or idea to research
• When your topic is obscure
• When you are looking for a specific site
• When you want to search the full text of millions of Web pages
• When you want to retrieve a large number of Web sites on your topic
• When you want to search for particular types of documents, sites, file types, languages, date last modified, geographical location, etc.

Examples of general search engines

This is easy. General search engines have been popular and newsworthy for many years.

• Google
• Bing
• Yahoo! 

3.Meta search engine

A metasearch engine is a search tool^[1] that sends user requests to several other search engines and/or databases and aggregates the results into a single list or displays them according to their source. Metasearch engines enable users to enter search criteria once and access several search engines simultaneously. Metasearch engines operate on the premise that the Web is too large for any one search engine to index it all and that more comprehensive search results can be obtained by combining the results from several search engines. This also may save the user from having to use multiple search engines separately.

The term "metasearch" is frequently used to classify a set of commercial search engines, see the list of search engines, but is also used to describe the paradigm of searching multiple data sources in real time. The National Information Standards Organization (NISO) uses the terms Federated Search and Metasearch interchangeably to describe this web search paradigm.

Rubric Evaluation

Rubric Evaluation

Rubric Evaluation

	Levels (Criteria)
Dimensions (Categories)	Strong "In Control" 5	Developing"Coming Along" 3	Not There Yet 1	Points
IDEAS	-clear and focussed -holds attention -rich with details and anecdotes -fresh, original treatment of ideas -easy to understand	-adequate but mundane treatment of ideas -some attempt at support or expansion but key issues or story line not fleshed out or confused by irrelevant detail -all events assume equal importance	-unclear -leaves reader hungry for details -text may be repetitious, confusing or disconnected - random thoughts
ORGANIZATION	-order, structure or presentation of information is compelling and moves the reader through the text -flows smoothly -inviting introduction draws reader in -satisfying conclusion -thoughtful, smooth transitions	-structure moves reader through text without confusion -recognizable introduction and conclusion -connections between ideas may be unclear at times	-a clear sense of direction is not evident -ideas may be strung together loosely -ineffective or nonexistent lead and conclusion -hard to determine the main point
VOICE	-tone of writing is individual and engaging, appropriate to purpose and audience -writer has taken risks by revealing himself -commitment to topic	-writing contains generalities and few personal insight -tone may be pleasant and "safe" -individual perspective or sincerity is not evident	-style does not match audience or purpose -monotone, flat writing -lifeless, risk-free
WORD CHOICE	-powerful, engaging words, convey the intended impression in a precise, interesting and natural way -phrases create pictures, linger in reader's mind	-words are adequate, correct -attempts at colourful language may go too far -passive verbs, mundane nouns, some adjectives and adverbs	-vocabulary may be vague and immature -clichés, jargon -guess at meaning
SENTENCE FLUENCY	-natural flow to sentences -sentences are well-constructed with strong and varied structure -cadence invites oral reading	-text seems more pleasant and businesslike than musical -sentences are generally correct with some variety in length and structure	-sentences choppy or awkward -most sentences are simple in structure and begin the same way -frequent connectives
CONVENTIONS	-writer demonstrates a grasp of standard writing conventions -some minor errors	-reasonable control over conventions -some misspellings, errors in internal punctuation, attempted paragraphing	-frequent errors in conventions may interfere with reading